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Who is this guide for? If you run a furniture workshop, carpentry business, woodworking unit, custom furniture shop, or work as a self-employed carpenter earning income from manufacturing furniture, fitting wooden interiors, or providing carpentry services in India, this guide covers your complete income tax obligations for AY 2026-27 (FY 2025-26): how your income is classified, why Section 44AD (not 44ADA) applies, which ITR form to file, GST on furniture and wood products, TDS obligations, equipment depreciation, and deductible business expenses.
India has an estimated 75 lakh carpenters and woodworking professionals, ranging from solo carpenters operating from residential workshops to organised furniture manufacturing units with 20 or more workers. Despite this scale, there is no dedicated income tax guide for this segment. Carpenters face a unique set of tax complexities: manufacturing furniture from raw materials attracts different GST treatment than pure carpentry services at a construction site, the business code in ITR is frequently filled incorrectly, and the distinction between manufacturing and job work determines both your GST rate and ITC eligibility.
This guide covers every tax obligation a furniture workshop or carpenter owner faces, from income classification to GST on furniture sales, raw material input credits, equipment depreciation, TDS on contract receipts, and ITR filing. If you are in a related business, see also our guides for electricians and plumbers, tailors and boutique owners, and printing press owners.
How Furniture Workshops and Carpenters Earn Income
Carpentry and furniture businesses generate revenue from multiple streams, often running simultaneously:
Tax Rate Chart
Common Revenue Streams for Furniture Workshops and Carpenters
Typical ranges; actual revenue varies by location, specialisation, and clientele
Custom Furniture Manufacturing (Own Workshop)
Tables, beds, wardrobes, kitchen cabinets manufactured to order
Carpentry Services at Construction Sites
Door frames, window frames, false ceiling, wooden flooring at client site
Modular and Fitted Furniture Installation
Kitchen modules, built-in wardrobes, TV units; material + labour
Repair and Polishing Services
Re-polishing, re-upholstery, hinge replacement, damage repair
Furniture Trading (Buy and Resell)
Ready-made furniture sourced from wholesalers or factories; retail margin
Interior Woodwork Contracts
Complete room interiors for builders, offices, hotels; TDS 194C deducted by contractor
Source: Industry estimates based on NSDC skill reports and Tax Garden client data (FY 2025-26)
A carpenter with a small workshop in a Tier 2 city handling 3 to 5 orders per month earns roughly Rs 4 lakh to Rs 12 lakh per year. A furniture workshop with 5 to 10 workers and a showroom can earn Rs 20 lakh to Rs 1 crore annually. Solo carpenters doing repair and site work earn Rs 2 lakh to Rs 6 lakh per year.
Income Classification: Business, Not Profession
This is the single most important distinction for carpenters and furniture makers. It determines which presumptive scheme applies, which ITR form you file, and how your expenses are treated.
Carpenters, furniture manufacturers, woodworkers: Business income
Carpentry and furniture manufacturing are classified as Profits and Gains of Business or Profession under the business head. They are not a "specified profession" under Section 44AA (Section 62 under ITA 2025). The specified professions are: legal, medical, engineering, architectural, accountancy, technical consultancy, interior decoration, authorised representative, company secretary, information technology, and film artist.
Carpentry and furniture manufacturing do not appear in this list. You use Section 44AD (Section 58, ITA 2025), not Section 44ADA.
The "interior decoration" trap
Some furniture makers who manufacture and install fitted furniture (wardrobes, kitchen modules, TV units) attempt to classify their income as "interior decoration" profession to use Section 44ADA. This is incorrect. Interior decoration under Section 44AA refers to the design and decoration of interior spaces. Manufacturing and installing wooden furniture is a manufacturing and contracting activity, not interior decoration. A qualified interior designer who only creates design plans and does not manufacture or install anything may use Section 44ADA. A carpenter who builds and installs the furniture is doing business, not interior decoration.
Business code for carpenters and furniture makers
Tax Rate Chart
Business Codes for ITR Filing
Select the correct code in ITR-4 or ITR-3
01099 - Other Manufacturing
Primary code for furniture manufacturing workshops
06003 - Building Installation Activities
Use if you primarily do on-site carpentry (door frames, windows, flooring)
07013 - Retail Sale of Furniture, Household Articles
Use if you primarily trade in ready-made furniture, not manufacture
Source: CBDT Business Code List for ITR Filing (AY 2026-27); see full list at Tax Garden business code guide
If your workshop both manufactures and sells furniture, use 01099. If you are primarily a site carpenter working on construction projects, use 06003. For GST registration and Udyam (MSME) registration, use NIC code 31001 (Manufacture of furniture made of wood). See the business code list for the complete reference.
Presumptive Taxation Under Section 44AD
Most carpenters and furniture workshop owners benefit from Section 44AD because the deemed profit rates are far lower than actual margins for manufacturing businesses. Under Section 44AD (now Section 58 of the Income Tax Act 2025):
Tax Rate Chart
Deemed Profit Rates Under Section 44AD (Section 58, ITA 2025)
Carpentry and furniture manufacturing business income
Digital Receipts (UPI, Bank Transfer, NEFT, RTGS)
Payment received via account-payee cheque, bank draft, or electronic mode
Cash Receipts
Cash payments and non-account-payee cheques
Source: Section 58(2), Table Sl. No. 1, Income Tax Act 2025
Eligibility conditions
- You must be an individual, HUF, or partnership firm (not LLP).
- Your total turnover must not exceed Rs 2 crore in the financial year. If cash receipts are 5% or less of total turnover, the limit increases to Rs 3 crore.
- Your business must not be commission, brokerage, or agency. Running a furniture workshop or carpentry business is none of these, so you are eligible.
Why cash percentage matters for carpenters
Carpentry workshops, especially small ones in residential areas, are highly cash-intensive businesses. Customers paying Rs 5,000 for a table repair or Rs 15,000 for a custom shelf frequently pay in cash. If your cash receipts exceed 5% of total turnover:
- The Section 44AD turnover threshold drops from Rs 3 crore to Rs 2 crore.
- The tax audit threshold drops from Rs 10 crore to Rs 1 crore.
Displaying a QR code at your workshop counter and encouraging UPI payments directly reduces your compliance burden.
Worked example
A furniture workshop in Nagpur earns Rs 25 lakh in FY 2025-26. Of this, Rs 15 lakh comes via UPI and bank transfers, and Rs 10 lakh is received in cash. Cash is 40% of turnover (above 5%).
Comparison
Section 44AD Tax Calculation: Rs 25 Lakh Turnover (40% Cash)
| Component | Amount |
|---|---|
| Digital receipts (Rs 15 lakh x 6%) | Rs 90,000 |
| Cash receipts (Rs 10 lakh x 8%) | Rs 80,000 |
| Total deemed profit | Rs 1,70,000 |
| Less: Standard deduction (salaried only) | Not applicable |
| Taxable income under new regime | Rs 1,70,000 |
| Tax payable (below Rs 12 lakh rebate) | Rs 0 |
| Health and education cess | Rs 0 |
| Total tax payable | Rs 0 |
Takeaway: Under the new regime for AY 2026-27, income up to Rs 12 lakh qualifies for full rebate under Section 87A.
Even at Rs 25 lakh turnover, the deemed profit of Rs 1.70 lakh is well within the Rs 12 lakh rebate limit. Most small carpenters and furniture workshop owners pay zero income tax under Section 44AD with the new regime.
When Section 44AD does not help
If your furniture workshop earns Rs 50 lakh with 50% cash receipts, your deemed profit is Rs 3.5 lakh (Rs 25 lakh x 6% + Rs 25 lakh x 8% = Rs 1.5 lakh + Rs 2 lakh). Still within the rebate. But if your actual expenses are low (high-margin custom furniture), your actual profit may be Rs 15 lakh to Rs 20 lakh, which is below deemed profit. Section 44AD always works in your favour if your actual margins are above the deemed 6-8%.
For large workshops earning Rs 1 crore or more, the audit threshold becomes relevant. With cash above 5%, audit threshold is Rs 1 crore. Exceeding this triggers a mandatory tax audit under Section 44AB.
GST on Furniture and Wood Products
GST rates vary significantly depending on what you sell, what materials you use, and whether you are providing a manufacturing service or a construction service.
GST on finished furniture
Tax Rate Chart
GST Rates on Furniture Products
Rate depends on product type and material
Wooden Furniture (Tables, Beds, Wardrobes) - HSN 9403
All wooden furniture for domestic or commercial use
Wooden Seating (Chairs, Sofas, Benches) - HSN 9401
Includes convertible seat-beds and garden furniture
Bamboo, Cane, Rattan Furniture - HSN 9401/9403
Reduced rate after 56th GST Council meeting
Wooden Doors, Windows, Frames - HSN 4418
Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood
Mattresses (Coir, Foam, Spring) - HSN 9404
Often sold along with beds; separate HSN
Source: GST Rate Schedule (as amended through 2026); HSN Chapter 94
GST on raw materials (input purchases)
Tax Rate Chart
GST Rates on Raw Materials for Furniture Making
ITC claimable under regular scheme; not claimable under composition
Sawn Timber, Wood Planks - HSN 4407
Teak, sal, shisham, mango wood planks
Plywood, Veneered Panels - HSN 4412
Commercial, marine, and decorative plywood
MDF, Fibreboard - HSN 4411
Medium-density fibreboard for modular furniture
Particle Board, Chipboard - HSN 4410
Budget-grade board material
Veneer Sheets - HSN 4408
Decorative veneer for surface finishing
Hardware (Hinges, Handles, Locks) - HSN 8302
Furniture fittings and mountings
Adhesives, Wood Glue - HSN 3506
Fevicol, white glue, epoxy
Paints, Polishes, Lacquers - HSN 3208/3209
Wood polish, melamine, PU finish
Source: GST Rate Schedule; HSN Chapters 35, 38, 44, 83
GST on carpentry services
Tax Rate Chart
GST Rates on Carpentry and Joinery Services
Service classification determines rate
Carpentry/Joinery Services - SAC 995476
On-site carpentry: door fitting, window frames, false ceiling work
Manufacturing on Job Work Basis - SAC 9988
Job work in furniture manufacturing (customer supplies raw material)
Composition Scheme (Manufacturer)
Turnover up to Rs 1.5 crore; no ITC; intra-state only
Source: GST Rate Schedule; SAC 9954, 9988; Notification 11/2017-CT(R)
Composition scheme vs regular scheme
Comparison
GST Scheme Comparison for Furniture Manufacturers
| Feature | Regular Scheme | Composition Scheme |
|---|---|---|
| GST rate on furniture | 18% | 1% (0.5% + 0.5%) |
| Input tax credit | Available on all purchases | Not available |
| Turnover limit | No limit | Rs 1.5 crore |
| Inter-state sales | Allowed | Not allowed |
| E-commerce sales | Allowed | Not allowed |
| GST invoice | Tax invoice with GSTIN | Bill of supply (no tax collection) |
| Returns | GSTR-1, GSTR-3B monthly/quarterly | CMP-08 quarterly, GSTR-4 annual |
| Best for | Workshops buying expensive raw materials | Small carpenters with low material cost |
Takeaway: If your raw material cost is more than 40% of your selling price, the ITC benefit under regular scheme usually outweighs the lower composition rate.
A furniture workshop buying Rs 10 lakh of plywood and timber (18% GST = Rs 1.8 lakh ITC) and selling Rs 25 lakh of furniture (18% GST = Rs 4.5 lakh) pays net GST of Rs 2.7 lakh under the regular scheme. Under composition at 1%, the same workshop pays Rs 25,000 but loses Rs 1.8 lakh of ITC, paying Rs 25,000 instead of Rs 2.7 lakh. Composition wins here by Rs 2.45 lakh. But if raw material cost is 60% of revenue (Rs 15 lakh, ITC Rs 2.7 lakh), regular scheme GST is Rs 4.5 lakh minus Rs 2.7 lakh = Rs 1.8 lakh, while composition is still Rs 25,000. Composition still wins for most small workshops.
The math changes at higher turnovers. Run your own numbers with our GST calculator or read the detailed composition scheme guide.
TDS on Payments Received by Carpenters
When a company, government body, or other business entity pays a carpenter or furniture workshop for contract work, TDS is deducted under Section 194C (Section 393, ITA 2025).
Tax Rate Chart
TDS Rates Under Section 194C on Carpenter Payments
Deducted by the payer (company, builder, government)
Individual or HUF Carpenter
Most solo carpenters and proprietorship workshops
Partnership Firm or Company
Registered firms and companies
Source: Section 393, Income Tax Act 2025 (formerly Section 194C)
When TDS applies
- A single payment exceeds Rs 30,000, or
- Aggregate payments during the financial year exceed Rs 1 lakh
When TDS does not apply
- Individual homeowners ordering personal furniture are not required to deduct TDS under Section 194C
- Payments below Rs 30,000 in a single transaction and below Rs 1 lakh in aggregate during the year
Checking your TDS
All TDS deducted by your clients appears in your Form 26AS and Annual Information Statement (AIS) on the income tax portal. Before filing ITR, verify that all TDS credits match. If a builder deducted TDS but did not deposit it with the government, raise a grievance on the income tax portal. The TDS deducted is adjustable against your final tax liability.
Depreciation on Workshop Equipment
If you are not using Section 44AD (opting for actual profit computation), you can claim depreciation on your workshop machinery and assets. Even under Section 44AD, depreciation is deemed to have been allowed, so the Written Down Value of your assets reduces each year.
Comparison
Depreciation Rates for Furniture Workshop Assets
| Asset Category | Rate (WDV) | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Building (workshop/showroom owned) | 10% | Workshop building, showroom, storage shed |
| Furniture and fittings (in office/showroom) | 10% | Office desk, display racks, showroom shelves |
| Plant and machinery | 15% | Saw machines, planing machines, routers, lathes, drilling machines, sanders, wood turning machines, edge banding machines |
| Motor vehicles | 15% | Delivery van, pickup truck for transporting furniture |
| Computers and software | 40% | Billing computer, design software, accounting software |
| Solar power systems | 40% | Solar panels for workshop power supply |
Takeaway: Additional 20% first-year depreciation available on new plant and machinery for production undertakings under Section 32(1)(iia). Half-year rule: assets used for less than 180 days get 50% of the applicable rate.
A furniture workshop that installs a new CNC router costing Rs 5 lakh can claim 15% regular depreciation (Rs 75,000) plus 20% additional depreciation (Rs 1,00,000) in the first year, totalling Rs 1,75,000 in depreciation. This reduces taxable profit by Rs 1,75,000 if using actual profit computation (ITR-3). Under Section 44AD, this depreciation is deemed allowed and the WDV reduces for future calculations, but you cannot claim it as a separate deduction.
Common Deductible Expenses
If filing under actual profit computation (not Section 44AD), these expenses reduce your taxable business income:
Step-by-Step Guide
Deductible Business Expenses for Carpenters and Furniture Makers
Raw Materials
Timber, plywood, MDF, particle board, veneer, hardware fittings, adhesives, nails, screws, sandpaper, wood polish, paint, lacquer
Labour and Wages
Wages to assistant carpenters, helpers, polishers, delivery staff; PF and ESI contributions if applicable
Workshop Rent
Monthly rent for workshop space, showroom, or storage godown; TDS under Section 194-IB if rent exceeds Rs 50,000/month
Power and Fuel
Electricity for machines, diesel for generator, petrol for delivery vehicle
Equipment Depreciation
WDV depreciation on saw machines, routers, lathes, delivery vehicles, computers at prescribed rates
Transport and Delivery
Freight charges, tempo hire for delivering furniture to customers; subject to Section 194C TDS if paid to transporters
Insurance
Workshop insurance, fire insurance, vehicle insurance, workmen's compensation policy
Professional Fees
CA fees for filing, GST return filing charges, Udyam registration assistance
Section 40A(3): Cash payment limit
Under Section 40A(3), any single expense payment exceeding Rs 10,000 in cash is disallowed as a deduction. This is critical for carpenters who buy timber from local sawmills in cash. Always pay by UPI, cheque, or bank transfer for purchases above Rs 10,000. Payments to daily-wage helpers below Rs 10,000 per day in cash are permissible.
Section 43B(h): MSME payment compliance
If you purchase raw materials from MSME-registered suppliers, you must pay them within the time limit specified in their supply agreement (maximum 45 days, or 15 days if no written agreement). Unpaid amounts beyond this period are disallowed as a deduction under Section 43B(h). Most timber merchants and plywood dealers are MSME-registered. Check their Udyam registration before delaying payment.
ITR Filing: Which Form and When
Comparison
ITR Form Selection for Carpenters and Furniture Makers
| Situation | ITR Form | Due Date |
|---|---|---|
| Section 44AD, income below Rs 50 lakh | ITR-4 (Sugam) | 31 July 2026 |
| Actual profit computation, no audit | ITR-3 | 31 July 2026 |
| Tax audit required (turnover > Rs 1 crore with cash > 5%) | ITR-3 | 31 October 2026 |
| Partnership firm using Section 44AD | ITR-4 (Sugam) | 31 July 2026 |
| LLP or company | ITR-5 (LLP) / ITR-6 (Company) | 31 October 2026 |
Takeaway: Late filing attracts interest under Section 234A at 1% per month and late fee under Section 234F (Rs 5,000 if total income > Rs 5 lakh, Rs 1,000 if below).
Filing checklist for carpenters
Step-by-Step Guide
Pre-Filing Checklist for AY 2026-27
Reconcile Turnover
Match your total receipts (cash + bank) with bank statement and cash book. Include all contract payments, retail sales, repair charges.
Check Form 26AS and AIS
Verify all TDS credits from builders, companies, and government departments. Report any mismatch before filing.
Calculate Cash Percentage
If cash receipts exceed 5% of turnover, your audit threshold is Rs 1 crore. If below 5%, threshold is Rs 10 crore.
Select Correct Business Code
01099 for manufacturing, 06003 for site carpentry, 07013 for furniture retail. Enter in Schedule BP.
Choose Tax Regime
New regime (default) or old regime. Most carpenters benefit from the new regime due to lower rates and Rs 12 lakh rebate.
Declare Deemed Profit (44AD)
6% of digital receipts + 8% of cash receipts. Declare profit equal to or higher than deemed amount.
Pay Advance Tax if Required
Under Section 44AD, single installment by 15 March. If tax exceeds Rs 10,000 after TDS credit, pay advance tax.
Business Structure Options
Comparison
Business Structure Comparison for Furniture Workshops
| Structure | Tax Rate | Section 44AD | Liability | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sole Proprietorship | Slab rates (0-30%) | Yes | Unlimited personal | Solo carpenters, small workshops |
| Partnership Firm | 30% flat | Yes | Unlimited (partners) | Family-run workshops with 2-3 partners |
| LLP | 30% flat | No | Limited | Medium workshops wanting liability protection |
| Private Company | 25% (turnover up to Rs 400 crore) | No | Limited | Large furniture factories, multiple showrooms |
Takeaway: Most carpenters and small furniture workshops operate as sole proprietorships. See the detailed business structure comparison guide for more.
For sole proprietors earning below Rs 12 lakh deemed profit (which covers most carpenters with turnover up to Rs 1.5 crore under digital payments), the effective tax rate is zero. A partnership firm pays 30% flat rate on any profit above the basic exemption, making it less tax-efficient for small operations. Choose a partnership or LLP only when you need to formally split ownership or limit liability. See the business structure comparison for a detailed analysis.
Common Tax Filing Mistakes by Carpenters
Comparison
7 Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
| Mistake | Consequence | Correct Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Using Section 44ADA instead of 44AD | Deemed profit at 50% instead of 6-8%; massively overpays tax | Carpentry is business, not specified profession. Use 44AD. |
| Wrong business code (using 06003 for manufacturing) | Mismatch between activity and code; may trigger scrutiny | Use 01099 for manufacturing, 06003 only for site carpentry |
| Not reporting cash sales | Mismatch with GST returns and bank deposits; reassessment risk | Report all cash receipts; declare at minimum 8% as deemed profit |
| Paying timber suppliers above Rs 10,000 in cash | Expense disallowed under Section 40A(3); higher taxable income | Pay by UPI, cheque, or bank transfer for amounts above Rs 10,000 |
| Not claiming TDS credit | Double taxation: TDS deducted by builder + tax paid on same income | Check Form 26AS, claim all TDS credits in ITR |
| Ignoring advance tax under 44AD | Interest under Section 234B and 234C; can add 1% per month | Pay single installment by 15 March if tax exceeds Rs 10,000 |
| Not maintaining any records despite using 44AD | Cannot defend turnover figure during assessment | Keep bank statements, cash receipt book, and major purchase bills for 6 years |
Record-Keeping Requirements
Even under Section 44AD (which exempts you from maintaining formal books of accounts), keep these records for at least 6 years from the end of the relevant assessment year:
Step-by-Step Guide
Essential Records for Carpenters and Furniture Workshops
Bank Statements
All bank accounts used for business. This is your primary proof of digital turnover for the 6% deemed profit rate.
Cash Receipt Book
Numbered receipts for all cash collections. Even a simple notebook with date, customer name, amount, and description is sufficient.
Purchase Bills
Bills from timber merchants, plywood dealers, hardware shops. Required for GST ITC claims and to defend material costs during assessment.
GST Returns Filed
Copies of GSTR-1, GSTR-3B (regular) or CMP-08, GSTR-4 (composition). These cross-verify your declared turnover.
TDS Certificates (Form 16A)
Certificates from all clients who deducted TDS on your payments. Cross-verify with Form 26AS.
Asset Purchase Invoices
Bills for machinery, vehicles, computers. Required for depreciation claims and capital gains computation on sale.
Advance Tax Under Section 44AD
If you use Section 44AD, you need to pay your entire advance tax in a single installment by 15 March of the financial year. You do not need to pay quarterly installments (15 June, 15 September, 15 December) that regular businesses follow.
If your total tax liability after TDS credit exceeds Rs 10,000, you must pay advance tax. Failure to pay attracts interest under Section 234B (simple interest at 1% per month on shortfall) and Section 234C (interest for deferral).
For most small carpenters with deemed profit below Rs 12 lakh, total tax is zero after the Section 87A rebate, and no advance tax is needed.
GST Registration: When It Becomes Mandatory
Comparison
GST Registration Thresholds for Carpenters and Furniture Makers
| Category | Threshold | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer/trader in regular states | Rs 40 lakh | Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, UP, etc. |
| Service provider in regular states | Rs 20 lakh | Applies if you provide only carpentry services (no material supply) |
| Manufacturer/trader in special category states | Rs 20 lakh | Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand |
| Service provider in special category states | Rs 10 lakh | Pure service providers in special category states |
| E-commerce seller (any state) | Rs 0 (mandatory) | Selling furniture on Amazon, Flipkart, or any e-commerce platform |
Takeaway: A furniture workshop that both manufactures and sells goods uses the Rs 40 lakh threshold. A carpenter providing only on-site labour services uses Rs 20 lakh.
If you cross the applicable threshold, register within 30 days. Read the complete GST registration process guide and turnover threshold guide.
Second-Hand Furniture and the GST Margin Scheme
If your business involves buying and reselling used furniture, you may benefit from the GST margin scheme. Under this scheme, GST is charged only on the margin (selling price minus purchase price), not on the full selling price.
If you buy a used wooden almirah for Rs 5,000 and sell it for Rs 8,000, GST is charged only on the Rs 3,000 margin at 18%, which is Rs 540. Without the margin scheme, GST on the full Rs 8,000 would be Rs 1,440. The margin scheme requires that you purchase from an unregistered person or a registered person who has not charged GST on the sale.
E-Way Bill for Furniture Transport
If you transport furniture (finished goods or raw materials) with a consignment value exceeding Rs 50,000, an e-way bill is mandatory. Some states have lower thresholds. Check the state-wise e-way bill limits for your state.
Furniture manufacturers regularly ship goods to customer locations. Ensure your delivery staff carries a copy of the e-way bill (physical or digital) along with the tax invoice. Non-compliance attracts a penalty equal to the tax amount or Rs 10,000, whichever is higher, plus detention of goods and vehicle.
Key Takeaways
- Carpentry and furniture manufacturing are business income, not professional income. Use Section 44AD with 6% deemed profit on digital receipts and 8% on cash.
- Business code: 01099 (manufacturing) or 06003 (site carpentry). NIC code: 31001.
- GST on furniture: 18% (HSN 9403/9401). Composition scheme: 1% for turnover up to Rs 1.5 crore.
- TDS at 1% under Section 194C when receiving payments from companies and builders.
- Workshop machinery depreciation: 15% WDV plus 20% additional first-year on new assets.
- Cash payments above Rs 10,000 to suppliers are disallowed. Pay digitally.
- Advance tax under 44AD: single installment by 15 March. Most small carpenters pay zero tax.
