What Is a GST Nil Return?

Nil return is filed when registered person has:

Zero sales/supplies in the period
Only exempt supplies (no GST charged)
Blocked ITC transactions (credits reversed)
Zero tax liability

Mandatory filing: Registered person MUST file GSTR One (outward supplies) and GSTR ThreeB (tax summary) even if nil, unless registration is cancelled.

Who Must File Nil Returns

New business (registered but not yet operational)
Seasonal businesses (off-season months)
Dormant registrations (held but not active)
Businesses in transition (seasonal or temporary shutdown)

Why File Nil Returns?

Legal Requirement

Section 33 1) CGST Act: Registered person must file returns (no exemption for nil)
Filing schedule: Monthly (GSTR One by 11th, GSTR ThreeB by 20th) or quarterly (composition scheme)

Avoid Late Fees

GSTR One late fee: Rs 50/day, capped at Rs 2,500 per period
GSTR ThreeB late fee: Rs 20/day for nil-tax periods, capped at Rs 5,000 per period
Skipping 50 days = Rs 2,500 late fee (GSTR One)

Maintain Compliance Record

GST portal records non-compliance
Affects eligibility for QRMP scheme (quarterly filers)
Impacts refund claims (cannot claim refund if returns not filed)

Prevent Registration Cancellation

6 consecutive months of non-filing triggers automatic cancellation under Section 29 2)(d)
Reregistration requires fresh application + delay in operations

GSTR One Nil Return: Step-by-Step Portal Filing

Portal Method (GST website)

Step 1: Login to GST Portal

Go to gst.gov.in
Click Services > Dashboard
Enter GSTIN and password
Two-factor authentication (OTP to registered mobile)

Step 2: Navigate to GSTR One

Dashboard > Returns > GSTR One
Select financial year and month
Example: FY 2025-26, July 2025

Step 3: Check for Auto-Populated Data

System shows supplies from e-invoicing, e-way bills, TDS records
If zero, it auto-shows as nil
If any data populated, manually delete or verify as incorrect

Step 4: Declare as Nil

If no supplies: System shows "No outward supplies"
Proceed to summary page
Declaration page asks: Confirm nil supplies? Yes/No

Step 5: Generate Acknowledgment

Portal generates GSTR One acknowledgment number
Download PDF for records
Email confirmation sent to registered mobile

Timeline: 5 minutes (if already verified)

Portal Filing Checklist

GSTR One Nil Return via SMS

SMS Method 404041)

Fastest method for rural/internet-poor areas.

SMS Format:

NIL R1 [GSTIN] [mm/yyyy]

Example:

NIL R1 27AABCT1234H1Z0 07/2026

Details:

Send to 404041 (GSTN toll-free SMS)
GSTIN: 15-digit GST number
mm/yyyy: Period 07/2026 = July 2026)

Response:

SMS acknowledgment within 24 hours
Include acknowledgment number for records
Portal automatically records filing

Quarterly GSTR One SMS

NIL R1 [GSTIN] 0Q/2026

0Q = first quarter, 1Q = second quarter, etc.)

SMS Proof

SMS receipt from 404041 = official acknowledgment
Screenshot of sent SMS + received acknowledgment
No separate portal login required

GSTR ThreeB Nil Return: Tax Summary

GSTR ThreeB is self-assessment return (monthly tax summary).

Portal Method

Step 1: Login to GST Portal > GSTR ThreeB

Step 2: Select Period

Month and year
Example: July 2026

Step 3: Fill Summary Sections

Outward supplies: Enter as zero if nil
Input tax credit (ITC): Zero (no purchases)
Tax payable: Zero
Provisional liability: Zero

Step 4: Generate and File

System calculates: Nil liability
Certificate of nil liability generated
Acknowledgment number provided

Step 5: Verification

No signature required for nil (below Rs 10,000 liability threshold in some jurisdictions)
File immediately

GSTR ThreeB Nil Return via SMS

SMS Format

NIL 3B [GSTIN] [mm/yyyy]

Example:

NIL 3B 27AABCT1234H1Z0 07/2026

Send to: 404041

Response: SMS acknowledgment within 24 hours with reference number

Direct SMS filing
Reduces data usage
Instant submission record

Composition Dealers: GSTR CMP-08

Composition scheme filers (turnover Rs 1.5 crore) file quarterly.

Nil CMP-08 Filing

Composition return: Filed for entire quarter (e.g., April-June)

If nil supplies entire quarter:

Portal: Services > CMP-08
Select quarter
Declare: Zero supplies, zero tax
File

SMS Method:

NIL CMP [GSTIN] 1Q/2026

1Q = Q1 April-June, 2Q = Q2 July-September, etc.)

Late fee: Rs 50/day (same as GSTR One)

QRMP Scheme (Quarterly Filers with IFF)

QRMP (Quarterly Return and Monthly Payment scheme) allows quarterly filers to skip monthly returns for nil months using Invoice Furnishing Facility (IFF).

How QRMP Nil Works

File GSTR One quarterly (not monthly)
For months within quarter with nil supply: Use IFF to record zero invoices
GSTR ThreeB filed quarterly only

IFF Process

Upload zero invoices via GST portal for nil months
No separate nil return required if IFF used
Reduces filing compliance burden

Eligibility

Turnover Rs 5 crore (old QRMP was Rs 20 crore, now narrowed)
Must have opted for QRMP scheme
Check registration for QRMP status

Consequences of Skipping Nil Return

Late Fees Accumulate

GSTR One late fee:

Rs 50/day from due date
Capped at Rs 2,500 per month or Rs 2,500 per return period
If 3 months skipped: Rs 7,500 3 × 2,500)

GSTR ThreeB late fee:

Rs 20/day for nil-tax periods (less than GSTR One)
Capped at Rs 5,000 per period
If 6 months skipped: Rs 30,000 6 × 5,000)

Registration Risk: Section 29 2)(d)

Automatic cancellation after 6 consecutive months of non-filing:

"The Commissioner may cancel the registration if the registered person has not filed any return under the Act for a continuous period of 6 months or more..."

Impact:

Registration cancelled automatically (no notice required in some cases)
Cannot issue tax invoices
Cannot claim input credit
Must reapply for new registration 30-45 day process)

Refund Denial

If you need to claim refund (excess ITC, export zero-rating):

GST rules require all returns to be filed (up to date)
Skipped nil returns = incomplete compliance record
Refund application rejected until all returns filed

Audit/Notice Risk

GST officers track non-filers. Non-filing of nil returns indicates:

Possible registration cancellation trigger
Non-cooperation in compliance
Higher scrutiny in any future audit

FAQ

Q: If I have zero sales all year, must I file 12 nil returns?

A: Yes. File GSTR One and GSTR ThreeB monthly 12 each) or quarterly if composition scheme. Skipping even 1 month incurs late fee.

Q: Can I cancel registration instead of filing nil returns?

A: Yes, via Form GST REG-15 (cancellation). Process: File Form REG-15 > Officer approval 30 days) > Cancellation effective. If have GST liability or input credit, cancellation may face rejection. Best to file nil returns if expecting to resume operations.

Q: Is nil return filing required for suspended registration?

A: Generally no. Suspended registration (under notice/show cause) filing obligation paused. Once suspension lifted, resume filing. Clarify status with GST officer.

Q: Can I file nil return and cancel registration same month?

A: Advisable: File nil return for the month, then file cancellation. Ensures compliance before exit.

Q: What if portal is down or SMS gateway fails, can I file late?

A: Yes. Late filing fee still applies. If system failure documented, can request waiver with Superintendent (rare). Keep evidence of attempted filing.

Q: Does nil return affect ITC credits in future months?

A: No. Filing nil return doesn't affect future ITC. Once you resume sales, claim ITC from purchases made even during nil-return months.

Compliance Checklist for Nil Returns

For a complete GST compliance guide covering registration, return filing deadlines, ITC rules, and avoiding all GST penalties, see The Ultimate GST Compliance Checklist for New Businesses.

Before Filing Nil Return:

Confirm zero sales (no invoices issued)
Check GST portal for any auto-populated data (delete if incorrect)
Verify period (month/year correct)
Ensure registration is active (not suspended/cancelled)

Filing (Choose One):

Portal login successful, GSTR One filed, acknowledgment saved
OR SMS to 404041, confirmation received within 24 hours
GSTR ThreeB filed (portal or SMS) same month

Post-Filing:

Download/screenshot acknowledgments
Save reference numbers
Verify filing in GST portal dashboard (status = filed)
Check for late-fee notices (if filed after due date)

Annual Review:

Verify all months of FY filed (no gaps)
No 6-month non-filing stretch
Prepare for annual GSTR Nine (includes nil month summary)

Source

CGST Act 2017 (Sections 29, 33); Rules 30-32 (nil return); GST late fee notifications; GSTN SMS gateway guidelines

How to File GST Nil Return: GSTR One, GSTR ThreeB via SMS & Portal 2026)